I Quietly Bought My First House — Then Walked In on My Mom Giving a Tour Without Asking Me

I pulled into my own driveway and saw strangers moving through my living room. Not strangers, exactly. That would have been simpler.

These were people I had known my entire life, which made it worse — because strangers, at least, have the decency to understand they’re trespassing. The sky that evening was the color of bruised steel, winter arriving early over Oakwood Hills, the kind of cold that makes a neighborhood feel staged and deliberate. Streetlights threw clean cones of yellow light across the pavement.

The house sat back from the road the way I had loved it when I first saw it — a mid-century modern gem of glass and cedar and dark stone, a low roofline that followed the hill’s contour, a ribbon driveway that curved between oak trees I had not planted but had chosen to inherit. I had toured it three times in the middle of the day, when the floor-to-ceiling glass walls turned the living room into a lantern. At night, it was an aquarium.

And right now, through those illuminated panes, I could see my mother moving across my living room with a yellow tape measure extended between her hands. She was not visiting. She was measuring for curtains.

My sister-in-law, Briana, stood a few feet behind her with her arms folded and her head tilted at the angle she uses when appraising something she doesn’t own but is already deciding what to do with. She was wearing a coat with a fur collar that had never encountered real weather. Her hair was salon-perfect and entirely wrong for an empty house she had no business being inside.

And beside the kitchen island, partially obscured by the marble edge, stood a third woman. I recognized her in the way you recognize something unpleasant — slowly, and then all at once. Celeste Morgan.

A friend of Briana’s from the country club. The woman who had once leaned over a buffet table at my mother’s charity luncheon and asked me, in a voice slathered with assumption, whether I was “still doing landscaping for rich people.”

She was holding her phone up. Filming.

My lights were on. My recessed lighting, which I had selected from a showroom catalog with the particular pleasure of someone who has never chosen anything solely for herself before — was illuminating all three of them in clean, warm detail, their reflections doubling in the glass, giving the impression of six intruders moving through my space. My hands did not shake.

That was the part that surprised me most. I had always imagined that if I were ever confronted with a violation this direct, I would feel it in my body first — the hot surge of adrenaline, the immediate impulse toward confrontation. I had grown up in a family where scenes were currency, where emotional escalation was how you established presence, where the person who got loudest got listened to.

I had spent six years surgically removing that reflex from myself. What replaced it, sitting in my car with the engine running and my greyhound, Shadow, lifting his narrow head in the backseat, was not calm exactly. It was something colder and more deliberate.

My brain was doing what it had learned to do in the years since I stopped reacting and started documenting: it was taking photographs. My mother’s beige wool coat. The extended tape measure.

Briana’s hand moving across my countertop. Celeste’s phone, elevated, rotating slowly. Evidence.

I did not honk. I did not storm the front door. I reached back through the gap between the seats and let Shadow sniff my fingers, and I whispered, “It’s okay,” which was partly for him and partly a instruction I was giving myself.

Then I shifted into reverse and backed out of the driveway as quietly as I had arrived. Two blocks down, parked beneath an oak tree, I opened my security app. The cameras I had installed felt indulgent when I first ordered them — an overreaction, I had told myself, for a woman who lived alone with a dog in a quiet neighborhood.

But the truth was that I had grown up in a home where locks were symbolic. Our front door was always unlocked, not because we lived somewhere particularly safe, but because my mother believed that needing locks implied the possibility of intrusion, and the possibility of intrusion implied that something was worth protecting, and that was a conversation she had never wanted to have. I watched them on the small screen.

My mother covered ground with the unhurried confidence of a woman inspecting a property she owns the deed to. She paused at the window and pressed the tape measure against the frame again, making a note. Briana moved to the kitchen island and spread her fingers across my quartz countertop — the one I had stood in front of for two full minutes in the showroom because I could not believe I was allowed to choose something purely on the basis of liking it.

Briana’s hand moved across it like she was claiming territory. Celeste drifted toward my stairwell and leaned over the railing, filming the lower level. The guest suite.

My mother had already described it, I would later learn, as the “lower suite.” As a soft landing. They stayed for twenty-three minutes. In those twenty-three minutes, my mother never once paused in the living room and imagined me reading there.

She never stood at the kitchen sink and pictured me cooking a meal for myself. She moved through my home the way a developer moves through a future project — assessing utility, planning allocation, never once considering whose life would actually be lived inside the space. I watched Karen use a key to lock the front door on her way out.

My key. From my door. That she should not have had.

I sat in the dark under the oak tree and watched their headlights disappear down the winding road. Then I drove back. The house smelled wrong when I stepped inside.

Karen’s perfume — powdery, expensive, entirely hers — hung in the entryway. Briana’s clung behind it, sharper. Celeste’s hairspray formed a third invisible layer.

The floors were clean. But I could see the pressure of their presence anyway: a small scuff where a heel had pivoted, a faint smear along the island’s edge where someone had leaned, a dull rectangle on the window frame where the tape measure’s metal had rested. I stared at that rectangle for longer than made sense.

Because sometimes the smallest mark is the loudest proof. I called a 24-hour emergency locksmith and requested commercial-grade smart locks with biometric access. While I waited, I cleaned — not the ordinary cleaning of a person maintaining a home, but the specific, focused cleaning of someone removing evidence of an unauthorized presence.

I scrubbed the window frame. I mopped the floor in broad, deliberate strokes. I wiped the door handle and then wiped it again.

It wasn’t housekeeping. It was reclamation. The locksmith arrived within the hour, a quiet man who asked few questions and sensed, correctly, that this was not a moment that required conversation.

The drill biting into metal was the most honest sound I had heard all day. When he finished, he handed me the master key card and explained that I could grant temporary visitor access on a case-by-case basis. Visitors.

The word felt like it belonged to another kind of life. I engaged the deadbolt after he left. Click.

I sat down in the center of the living room floor with the lights on and Shadow curled against my leg, and I listened to that click echo in the empty room. The house had no furniture yet — just the white oak floors I’d chosen and the moonlight filtering through the glass walls I’d paid for with six years of missed vacations, instant noodles, and freelance contracts taken at 5 a.m. on Saturdays.

But there was the hum of the new security panel. The faint blue pulse of a camera status light. And there was the long exhale I let out of my body, the one I had apparently been holding since I turned onto my street and saw the lights on inside my empty house.

My name is Alyssa Hartford. I am thirty-three years old. I am a landscape architect who designs drainage systems and retaining walls and Zen gardens for people with more money than patience, and I had spent the last six years of my professional life building one thing on the side, invisibly, without telling anyone in my family: a future that belonged entirely to me.

I grew up in a family with a golden child and a scapegoat, which is a dynamic so common it has a clinical name and so corrosive that by the time you understand what it is, it has already been running in the background of your nervous system for two decades. The golden child was my brother, Brandon — charming, charismatic, and in possession of the particular quality that my mother called vision and the banks called high-risk liability. Brandon was a tech entrepreneur in the way that certain people are always in the process of becoming something without ever quite arriving: great hair, persuasive presentations, and a history of companies that generated excitement and then evaporated.

I was the opposite. My world was governed by gravity and physics. If a retaining wall wasn’t built correctly, the earth moved, and no amount of charm prevented a mudslide.

Our roles were assigned early and reinforced constantly. When Brandon totaled his car at sixteen, our parents bought him a new one so his image wouldn’t be compromised. When I needed a laptop for college, my father delivered a careful lecture on the virtue of part-time work, his voice gentle the way it always was when he was handing me something that would cost me more than I understood yet.

Karen praised Brandon for a C-minus in calculus because he was too creative to be confined by numbers. My A-minus in the same subject was expected and therefore unremarkable. I didn’t resent the work.

The work made me precise. It made me patient. It made me the kind of person who saves documentation the way other people save photographs.

What I resented was the invisible tax. The way my success was never quite mine — it was the family’s surplus. If I had money, the family had a resource.

If the family had a resource, Brandon had a safety net. If Brandon had a safety net, the net needed to be maintained, which meant whatever I had built needed to remain accessible, transparent, available. My mother had once told me, at our kitchen table, that families didn’t keep secrets from each other, and the irony of that statement had tasted bitter at twenty-two.

Now, with her tape measure imprinted on my window frame, it tasted like poison. I had saved $120,000 over six years through a combination of discipline, secrecy, and a high-yield account my mother did not know existed. The down payment on the Oakwood Hills house was the result of years of early mornings and foregone expenses and the particular determination of a person who has finally admitted to herself that she is not building something for her family — she is building an escape.

I bought the house quietly, moved the paperwork through an attorney, and told no one. Not because I was ashamed. Because I had grown up watching what happened when my mother learned about good news: she converted it into leverage.

A bonus became a loan request. A promotion became evidence that I could absorb more. Information in the Hartford family was not shared — it was stored and deployed.

The morning after the break-in, I made coffee and watched the light come through the glass walls and felt the particular quiet of a room that contained only what I had invited into it. Then my phone vibrated. My mother’s name.

A text. So glad we finally saw the investment property. It has great bones, though the glass is a bit exposed.

Briana thinks the lower suite is perfect for Brandon’s soft landing. While he pivots, we can move his boxes in Saturday. Let’s discuss rent.

We’re thinking family rate is fair since you’re building equity. I read it twice with the specific fascination of someone watching a previously theoretical threat materialize into something concrete. The language was a masterwork of presumption.

Investment property — because if it was an investment, it could be managed by a board. Soft landing — because my home was a runway for someone else’s crash. Family rate — because love, in the Hartford economy, meant discounting your own boundaries until they disappeared.

Before I had finished the coffee, Brandon called. Then Briana. Then a number I didn’t recognize, which turned out to be Celeste, who had somehow obtained my contact information and was texting to tell me the place was gorgeous and she knew a wonderful interior designer.

My mother left a voicemail that dropped to a conspiratorial whisper in the middle — the voice she used when she was planning something she didn’t want overhead: Brandon’s lease is up on the first. He’s going through a hard time with the business and he needs a place that projects success. This house is perfect for his image.

You provide the housing; we’ll handle his groceries. It’s a family trust effort. A family trust effort.

Three words that erased my name from my own deed. I typed a response and stared at it for one full minute before sending. This is not an investment property.

This is my primary residence. Brandon is not moving in. Do not come back to this address.

The response came within four minutes, and it was not an apology. You are hoarding assets while your brother is drowning. I didn’t raise you to be selfish.

We are coming Saturday to move him in. Unlock the door or we will have a locksmith do it for us. It’s family property, Alyssa.

I set the phone on the counter and looked at Shadow, who looked back at me with the steady, incurious devotion of a dog who has decided his person is the only reliable thing in a bewildering world. “It’s okay,” I told him, for the third time in as many days. Then I called my attorney.

That same afternoon, my sister Megan called from overseas. Megan had been the family’s quiet escape artist — she had left for college and kept going, built a life in a different language and a different rhythm, which my mother called running away and I called surviving. She had gotten a phone call from our father, who had apparently been drinking, and what he told her reoriented everything.

They had sold the cabin. The cabin was a small A-frame structure in the mountains that my grandfather, Harold, had built with his own hands. It was not worth millions, but it was the one asset my parents had always designated as mine — my inheritance, the thing they offered at family gatherings when the subject of fairness came up, as if a future promise could balance out decades of present neglect.

My grandfather had taken me there when I was twelve, alone, overruling my mother’s suggestion that Brandon come too. At that cabin he had taught me to split wood safely, to read a topographic map, to listen to wind for the signs of incoming snow. One evening after dinner, sitting across from me with the fire between us, he had said: This place will be yours someday.

Not as a gift. As a fact. The kind of statement a man makes when he wants something to outlast him.

My parents had sold it six months ago. Brandon had lost a quarter of a million dollars in a leveraged cryptocurrency scheme, and the cabin had covered the margin calls. The plan — the reason my mother had been measuring my window frames — was that without the cabin as Brandon’s backup, they needed somewhere to stage his recovery.

My house in Oakwood Hills was the next asset on the map. They intended to move him in, tell everyone in their social circle that he had bought a new place in a desirable neighborhood, and use my home to launder his reputation. I sat with this information until my hands stopped shaking.

Then the shaking became something else — not grief, not yet, but the cold precision of someone whose strategic picture has just become completely clear. I called my attorney again. “Add a paragraph,” I told him.

“I want a formal inquiry into the Mountain View Cabin Trust and a full accounting of any asset I’m listed as a beneficiary on. If they transferred that cabin without my knowledge or legal consent, I want to know the exact mechanism.”

He was quiet for a moment. “That’s a significant escalation,” he said carefully.

“That’s a discovery phase,” I replied. The legal documents went out by process server on Tuesday morning. I didn’t witness the delivery, but I could picture it clearly enough: my mother opening the door with her practiced smile, the smile encountering something it couldn’t charm, the paper changing the temperature in the house.

My parents retained counsel — which did not surprise me, because in the Hartford family, attorneys were instruments of reputation management, not truth-telling. Their response denied wrongdoing and characterized the cabin’s sale as within their discretion. Then my attorney found the trust instrument.

Old paper, yellowed, properly stamped, bearing the name Mountain View Cabin Trust in formal type. My name appeared in it as a beneficiary. And beneath the beneficiary designation was a clause: Consent required for transfer.

The transfer had been executed without my consent. The paper said so. Not feelings, not memory, not the subjective texture of a childhood promise.

Paper. Saturday morning arrived with the low grinding rumble of a diesel engine. I had been expecting them.

People who have never encountered a genuine boundary do not believe in them — they believe in tests of will. They believed that if they arrived with enough momentum and enough certainty of their own authority, I would calculate the social cost of a scene and choose compliance. They had been right about that calculus for thirty-three years.

They were wrong about it now. An hour before the anticipated arrival, I walked through the house running a checklist the way I run a site inspection before a client walkthrough: front door secured, side door secured, lower level slider secured, garage access locked, cameras recording, notifications live. I made coffee and stood at my kitchen island in a suit with a manila envelope on the counter beside me.

The moving truck was a 26-footer. Its air brakes hissed as it backed into my driveway, and Brandon jumped out of the passenger side wearing designer sunglasses and calling instructions to the driver. He moved with the overcorrected confidence of someone performing certainty they don’t feel.

My mother pulled up behind the truck in her sedan, trunk already popped — groceries, presumably, for the pantry she was planning to stock. Brandon walked up the driveway and reached for the front door handle. He expected it to open.

He had, I believe, never seriously considered the possibility that it wouldn’t. I opened the door and stepped outside onto the porch. Then I turned around and locked it behind me.

“Open the garage, Alyssa,” Brandon said without looking at me. “The driver is on an hourly rate.”

“You need to move the truck,” I said. My voice was quiet.

It didn’t need volume. The glass and stone architecture carried everything. Karen came up the porch steps with her jaw set and her expression performing a patience she did not feel.

She looked at me the way she had always looked at me when I was being an inconvenience — not with cruelty, but with the specific impatience of someone who has decided that the obstacle in front of them is temporary. “We are not doing this today,” she said. “We are moving your brother in.

Now unlock the door before the neighbors start looking.”

“The neighbors are already looking,” I said. I pointed toward the street. Two patrol cars were parked at the curb, lights flashing silently in the morning light.

I had called the non-emergency line an hour earlier and reported an anticipated trespassing incident involving family members who had previously entered without permission and had explicitly stated their intention to return. I had requested a standby presence. The dispatcher had asked whether I felt safe.

I had paused before answering. My family had never threatened me physically. But they had threatened me with something that has a longer half-life than violence: they had threatened me with abandonment.

With shame. With the implication that my refusal to comply meant my forfeiture of belonging. Those threats had been shaping my nervous system since childhood.

Yes, I told the dispatcher. I do not feel safe. The officers walked up the driveway.

Brandon’s confidence evaporated in the particular way it always did when he encountered authority he could not charm. Karen looked from the police to me with an expression I had never seen on her face before — not anger, not calculation, but the specific bewilderment of someone encountering a rule that applies to them. “Officer,” I said, stepping forward with the certified documents, “these individuals have been formally served with a notice against trespass.

They are attempting to force entry into my primary residence.”

The officer reviewed the notice, checked the deed, and turned to Brandon. “Is this your property, sir?”

“It’s family property,” Brandon said, with the slightly frantic quality of someone replying from a script that no longer matches the scene. “My sister bought it for—”

“The deed is in her name,” the officer said.

“And this notice indicates you’ve been told not to come here. You need to move this truck or you’ll be cited for trespassing.”

Brandon looked at Karen. He was waiting for her to explain.

For her to find the angle, the soft override, the particular version of events that reclassified the situation in her favor. She had always found it before. She had spent thirty years finding it, and the habit of expecting rescue had become as fundamental to Brandon as breathing.

But Karen was looking at me. She saw the new locks. She saw the legal papers.

She saw, for the first time, that I was not her daughter in this moment in any sense that gave her authority over my choices. I was a stranger who knew her secrets and had consulted an attorney and was standing on her own porch in a suit on a Saturday morning having already won. “Alyssa,” she said quietly, her voice losing its performance, becoming something more naked underneath it.

“Please don’t do this to your brother.”

“I didn’t do anything to your brother,” I said. “I bought a house. You sold the cabin.

You both made choices. These are the consequences.”

The truck’s reverse alarm — beep, beep, beep — broke the silence as the driver backed out of my driveway. It was, in its way, the most satisfying sound I had ever heard: the sound of a system designed to extract from me accepting that it had encountered a wall.

The fallout was not quiet and it was not brief. By Monday, the narrative had been rewritten in my family’s social ecosystem. In Karen’s version, I was unstable.

Going through something. Being influenced. Punishing Brandon for reasons that traced back to some unresolved resentment rather than to his mother’s attempted commandeering of my home.

She told my aunt in Connecticut that she was worried about my mental health. She told neighbors I was in a financial panic. She told Celeste, who told other people, who told their people, that I had “overreacted” to what was essentially a family planning conversation.

The country club gossip wasn’t about Brandon’s failed investment. It was about the moving truck that had backed out of a driveway in Oakwood Hills with police watching. My father left a voicemail in his careful, invoice-delivery voice: We need to talk.

You embarrassed your mother. Don’t be dramatic. Don’t be dramatic — the Hartford family’s most durable instruction.

A man could lose a quarter million dollars and it was a hard season. A mother could break into a house and it was a misunderstanding. A daughter could say no and it was dramatic.

Megan called two weeks later with updates delivered in the tight, steady tone of someone who had been waiting a long time to say them. Brandon’s marriage was deteriorating — Briana had built her life around a narrative of upward trajectory, and the narrative had collapsed under the weight of reality. My parents were beginning to understand the dimensions of the legal exposure the cabin’s improper transfer had created.

My father had apparently begun referring to the situation as “Alyssa’s crusade,” which I understood to mean he had started taking it seriously. Brandon came to one of my job sites. He stood at the edge of a half-built terrace in his designer coat and waited for me to come to him, which I did, because I was done letting my family choose the terrain.

“You’re acting like we’re enemies,” he said. “You brought a moving truck to my house,” I replied. “Without permission.

After your mother measured my windows for curtains she didn’t ask about.”

Brandon laughed, soft and slightly bewildered, the way he always laughed at things that didn’t fit his model of the world. “Mom said you were being dramatic.”

“She always says that,” I said. He stepped closer and lowered his voice.

“People are talking. The club is talking. You’re making us look bad.”

I pointed at the retaining wall my crew was building behind us.

“You see that wall? If the engineering is wrong, the hillside moves. It doesn’t matter how anyone feels about it.

The physics are the same regardless.”

Brandon didn’t understand metaphors unless they involved money, so he tried a different approach: pity. He said he didn’t want me to be homeless. He said it with genuine concern in his voice, and for a moment I almost felt the old pull — the desire to be the one who made things easier, who absorbed the difficulty, who smoothed it over so everyone could go back to the comfortable fiction.

“I’m not homeless,” I said. “I own a home. You’re inconvenienced.”

He left without another word.

He had no script for a version of me that didn’t eventually yield. Karen came to the house one evening, alone. She stood on the other side of my front door in her camel coat and asked me to let her in.

I spoke to her through the door. She told me she wanted her daughter back. She told me they had been under pressure — Garry was scared, Brandon was desperate, they hadn’t meant to hurt me.

Her voice had the quality she deployed in its most effective register: soft, slightly wounded, reaching for something true underneath the performance. Then she reached the pivot. She always reached the pivot.

If you just let Brandon stay for a while, we can—

“No,” I said. Silence. Then her voice sharpened, the way it always sharpened when softness failed.

“You’re ungrateful. After everything we’ve done.”

And there it was. The true sentence.

The one that lived underneath all the others. My mother wasn’t sorry. She was frustrated that her tools had stopped working.

She had tried the tape measure and the moving truck and the attorney and the voicemails and the country club gossip and the late-evening appearance at my porch. None of it had moved me. And that was, in her experience, impossible — because I had always moved before.

I let the silence do what it was built to do. She left. Her heels clicked down my porch steps and I listened until her car door shut, and then I sat on the floor of my living room with Shadow and felt something in my chest loosen that had been held tight for longer than I could account for.

The attorney called a month later. The cabin’s transfer, his counterpart on my parents’ side had acknowledged, could not be substantiated as legally authorized under the trust’s terms. The buyer’s counsel was generating questions.

My parents were being advised to settle. My mother, I was told, had not taken this news gracefully. The settlement negotiation was, in the Hartford tradition, prolonged and theatrical — my parents cycling through indignation, accusation, and the particular grievance of people who believe that the existence of consequences is itself an injustice.

But paper has gravity. Even Karen Hartford could not charm a trust instrument with a consent clause. By winter, Brandon was living in a studio apartment three towns over.

Not the Oakwood Hills image his mother had been trying to construct for him — but the life his choices had built. My parents had retreated from their social performance, which was the most painful consequence I could have designed for them, because their social performance was the thing they valued above almost everything else. The reputation machinery that had ground along for three decades was now producing an output nobody wanted.

I planted young oaks along the slope of my backyard. I bought furniture — a velvet sofa, a teak coffee table, things I chose because I liked them and for no other reason. I hung art on the walls.

I built a life one deliberate choice at a time, and the choices accumulated the way honest things accumulate: slowly, permanently, with structural integrity. Megan visited in the spring. She stood in my living room with her hands around a mug of tea and looked at the glass walls and the oak trees beyond them and said, simply: “You built something real.”

I thought about that for a long time after she left.

Because she was right, and she wasn’t only talking about the house. There is a specific quality to the silence of a room that belongs entirely to you. It doesn’t hum with anxiety or carry the residue of other people’s expectations.

It contains only what you invited into it. Every morning when I stand at the kitchen window with my coffee and watch the light come through the glass, I think about the woman who stood in the showroom for two minutes in front of a quartz countertop, paralyzed by the novelty of choosing something for no reason except that she liked it. I no longer find that paralysis in myself.

I know what I like. I know what I’ve built. I know, with the clarity that comes from having tested a thing under real pressure, that the structure holds.

My family believed that these glass walls made me vulnerable — that visibility was weakness, that if people could see in, they could take what they saw. They were wrong. The glass doesn’t expose me.

It gives me a vantage point. From here, I can see everything coming. I can see the weather before it arrives.

I see it, and I am ready for it, and it does not get through the door without my permission. Shadow is asleep in a sunbeam on the rug my grandmother would have called extravagant. The oak trees in the backyard are small but they’re growing, their roots finding the ground, learning how to hold.

I press my palm against the cool glass and feel the hum of the life I’ve built — quiet, structurally sound, entirely mine. My grandfather once told me that you don’t have to be the loudest to be important. He was right.

You just have to build something that holds.

Related Posts

My Nephew Ruined My 30th Birthday Cake — That Night, I Froze My Brother Out of the Family Trust

The cake was still floating when I understood that everything between my brother and me was already broken. I just hadn’t known it yet. People describe life-changing…

His Daughter Threw Me Out… Until the Lawyer Revealed My Husband’s Final Twist

My husband died and left me nothing. Not a dollar, not a keepsake, not even the home I had lived in for twelve years. His children swooped…

Count it Againn.

A wife was with her lover when she heard her husband’s key in the door. “Stay where you are,” she told the panicked lover. “He’s so drunk…

My son invited me to Christmas dinner after a year of silence. When I arrived, the housekeeper stopped me and whispered, ‘Don’t go in—leave right now.’ I trusted her and hurried back to my car. Five minutes later… everything changed.

My son invited me to Christmas dinner after a year of silence. When I arrived at his house, the housekeeper grabbed my coat so hard I almost…

The Stranger in Our Bathroom: A Night of Secrets and Terr0r

I got home, feeling exhausted from a long day at work. As I stepped inside, I noticed the soft glow of the living room lamp, and the…

My family mocked my “cheap” funeral dress and tried to sell my shop for quick cash. they didn’t know i secretly owned the billion-dollar empire that just ruined them.

“You wore that to Mom’s funeral?” My sister sneered, her diamond cuff nearly blinding me as she flipped her perfectly styled hair. “I mean, I get it—times…

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *